Qijia houhanshu 七家後漢書

The Houhanshu 後漢書 is the official dynastic history (zhengshi 正史) of the Later Han dynasty 後漢 (25-220 CE).

The first dynastic history of China was the Shiji 史記 "Records of the Grand Scribe", written by Sima Qian 司馬遷 (145-86 BC) during the Former Han period 前漢 (206 BCE-8 CE). The pattern of Sima Qian's historiographic work was unique and should serve as model for the official standard histories of the imperial dynasties for the next two thousand years. The Hanshu 漢書, written by Ban Biao 班彪 and his son Ban Gu 班固, helped standardizing the style of the official dynastic histories that has been established with the Shiji.
The third official dynastic history is the Houhanshu 後漢書 "History of the Later Han dynasty" written by Fan Ye 范曄, a scholar of the Liu-Song period 劉宋 (420-479). Fan Ye used the biographical-thematical style (jizhuanti 紀傳體) with three different types of chapters, namely 10 juan "scrolls" of imperial biographies (ji 紀), 60 chapters of normal and collective biographies (zhuan 傳), and 10 chapters of treatises (zhi 志). Fan Ye's work was interrupted by his death during his sidelining with Prince Liu Yikang 劉義康 who rebelled against the emperor. The treatises were later expanded by that from another history of the Later Han period, the Xuhanshu 續漢書 "Sequel to the Hanshu" by the Jin period scholar Sima Biao 司馬彪. These 20 chapters were called Xuhanzhi 續漢志 "Sequel to the treatises of Han".
Sources for Fan Ye's book were the many histories written on the Later Han period before, the most important of which is the Dongguan hanji 東觀漢記, a book whose compilation began during the first decades of Later Han and extends until the last decades of Emperor Ling's 漢靈帝 (r. 167-188) rule. For other histories of the Later or Eastern Han period see Yuan Hong's Houhanji 後漢紀. Most of these books are only surviving in fragments.
Fan Ye did not exactly copy the structure of the Hanshu. Following the example of Hua Jiao's 華嶠 Houhanshu 漢後書 he inserted a collective imperial biography for empresses (10 皇后紀 Huanghou ji) while Ban Gu collected the biographies of the emperors' consorts in a biography for consorts and their clans (Hanshu 97 外戚傳 Waiqi zhuan). This reflects the importance of the empresses in government during the Later Han period. Other important social groups are found in the collective biographies for political factions (67 黨錮傳 Danggu zhuan), eunuchs (78 宦者傳 Huanzhe zhuan), literati (80 文苑傳 Wenyuan zhuan), magicians (82 方術傳 Fangshu zhuan), and so on. Among the treatises, the monography about state chariots and robes ([119-120] 輿服志 Yufu zhi ) is new for historiographical treatises. A treatise about "food and commodities" (shihuo 食貨), i.e. economy, is missing.
Liu Zhao 劉昭, a Liang period 梁 (502-557) scholar, was the first to compare all different versions of histories of Later Han and he created a critical apparatus for Fan Ye's Houhanshu. Unfortunately it is lost except the commentary to the treatises. The reason for this is that it was superseded by the commentaries of the Tang period 唐 (618-907) scholars Li Xian 李賢, Zhang Da'an 張大安 and Liu Nayan 劉納言. Recent commenaries were made by the Qing period 清 (1644-1911) scholars Hui Dong 惠棟 and Wang Xianqian 王先謙 under the title Houhanshu jijie 後漢書集解 "Collected commentaries for the Houhanshu".

There are seven alternative histories of the Later Han period which survive, the so-called Qijia Houhan shu 七家後漢書 "The seven histories of the Later Han dynasty", compiled by Wang Wentai 汪文臺 (1796-1844). It was annotated by Zhou Tianyou 周天游 and republished with the Shanghai guji 上海古籍 press in 1986 under the title Bajia Houhan shu 八家後漢書 "The eight histories of the Later Han dynasty", additionally including a few fragments of Zhang Ying's 張瑩 Houhan nanji 後漢南記:

七家後漢書 Qijia houhanshu (Qing) 汪文臺 Wang Wentai (comp.)
書名, length in juan	Title	Author(s)
後漢書 八卷	Houhanshu	(Sanguo-Wu) 謝承 Xie Cheng
後漢書 (後漢記) 一卷	Houhanshu (Houhanji)	(Jin) 薛瑩 Xue Ying
續漢書 五卷	Xuhanshu	(Jin) 司馬彪 Sima Biao
後漢書 二卷	Houhanshu	(Jin) 華嶠 Hua Jiao
後漢書 一卷	Houhanshu	(Jin) 謝沈 Xie Shen
後漢書 一卷	Houhanshu	(Jin) 袁山松 Yuan Shansong
漢記 (後漢紀) 一卷	Hanji (Houhanji)	(Jin) 張璠 Zhang Fan
(附) 後漢書 一卷	(app.) Houhanshu	() NN
Shanghai tushuguan 上海圖書館 (ed. 1982), Zhongguo congshu zonglu 中國叢書綜錄, vol. 1, p. 641. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.

Source: Wu Shuping 吳樹平 (1992). "Houhanshu 後漢書", in: Zhongguo da baike quanshu 中國大百科全書, Zhongguo lishi 中國歷史, vol. 1, pp. 373 f. Beijing/Shanghai: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe.

Contents

1.-10. 紀 Ji Imperial Biographies 1-10: 1. 上光武帝紀 Emperor Guangwudi A-B (r. 25-57 AD) 2. 顯宗孝明帝紀 Xianzong, Emperor (Xiao-)Mingdi (r. 57-75) 3. 肅宗孝章帝紀 Suzong, Emperor (Xiao-)Zhangdi (r. 75-88) 4. 孝和孝殤帝紀 Emperors (Xiao-)Hedi (r. 88-105) and (Xiao-)Shangdi (r. 105-106) 5. 孝安帝紀 Emperor (Xiao-)Andi (r. 106-125) 6. 孝順孝沖孝質帝紀 Emperors (Xiao-)Shundi (r. 125-144), (Xiao-)Chongdi (r. 144-145), and (Xiao-)Zhidi (r. 145-146) 7. 孝桓帝紀 Emperor (Xiao-)Huandi (r. 146-167) 8. 孝靈帝紀 Emperor (Xiao-)Lingdi (r. 167-188) 9. 孝獻帝紀 Emperor (Xiao-)Xiandi (r. 189-220) 10. 皇后紀 The Imperial Consorts 11.-90. 傳 Zhuan Biographies 1-80: 11. Liu Xuan 劉玄 and Liu Penzi 劉盆子 12. Wang Chang 王昌, Liu Yong 劉永, [Pang Meng 龐萌], Zhang Bu 張步, [Wang Hong 王閎], Li Xian 李憲, Peng Chong 彭寵, and Lu Fang 盧芳 13. Wei Ao 隗囂 and Gongsun Shu 公孫述 14. 宗室四王三侯列傳 The Four Princes and Three Marquises of the Imperial House 15. Li Tong 李通, Wang Chang 王常, Deng Chen 鄧晨, Lai She 來歙, [and Lai Li 來歷] 16. Deng Yu 鄧禹, [Deng Xun 鄧訓, Deng She 鄧騭] and Kou Xun 寇恂, [and Kou Rong 寇榮] 17. Feng Yi 馮異, Cen Peng 岑彭, and Jia Fu 賈復 18. Wu Han 吳漢, Gai Yan 蓋延, Chen Jun 陳俊, and Zang Gong 臧宮 19. Geng Yan 耿弇, [Geng Guo 耿國, Geng Bing 耿秉, Geng Kui 耿夔, and Geng Gong 耿恭] 20. Zhao Qi 銚期, Wang Ba 王霸, Ji Zun 祭遵, [and Ji Tong 祭肜] 21. Ren Guang 任光, [Ren Wei 任隗], Li Zhong 李忠, Wan You 萬脩, Pi Tong 邳彤, Liu Zhi 劉植, and Geng Chun 耿純 22. Zhu You 朱祐, Jing Dan 景丹, Wang Liang 王梁, Du Mao 杜茂, Ma Cheng 馬成, Liu Long 劉隆, Fu Jun 傅俊, Jian Tan 堅鐔, and Ma Wu 馬武 23. Dou Rong 竇融, [Dou Gu 竇固, Dou Xian 竇憲, and Dou Zhang 竇章] 24. Ma Yuan 馬援, [Ma Miu 馬廖, Ma Fang 馬防, Ma Yan 馬嚴, and Ma Suo 馬棱] 25. Zhuo Mao 卓茂, Lu Gong 魯恭 [and Lu Pi 魯丕], Wei Ba 魏霸, and Liu Kuan 劉寬 26. Fu Zhan 伏湛 [and Fu Long 伏隆], Hou Ba 侯霸, Song Hong 宋弘 [and Song Han 漢], Cai Mao 蔡茂, [Guo He 郭賀], Feng Qin 馮勤, Zhao Xi 趙憙, Mou Rong 牟融, Wei Biao 韋彪, [and Wei Yi 韋義] 27. Xuan Bing 宣秉, Zhang Zhan 張湛, Wang Dan 王丹 and Wang Liang 王良, Du Lin 杜林, Guo Dan 郭丹, Wu Liang 吳良, Cheng Gong 承宮, Zheng Jun 鄭均, and Zhao Dian 趙典 28. Huan Tan 桓譚, Feng Yan 馮衍, and Feng Bao 馮豹 A-B 29. Shentu Gang 申屠剛, Bao Yong 鮑永, [Bao Yu 鮑昱], Zhi Yun 郅惲, [and Zhi Shou 郅壽] 30. Su Jing 蘇竟 and Yang Hou 楊厚 31. Guo Ji 郭伋, Du Shi 杜詩, Kong Fen 孔奮, Zhang Zhan 張堪, Lian Fan 廉范, Wang Tang 王堂, Su Zhang 蘇章, [Su Buwei 蘇不韋], Yang Xu 羊續, Jia Cong 賈琮, and Lu Kang 陸康 32. Fan Hong 樊宏, [Fan Shu 樊鯈, Fan Zhun 樊準], Yin Shi 陰識, [and Yin Xing 陰興] 33. Zhu Fu 朱浮, Feng Fang 馮魴, Yu Yan 虞延, Zheng Hong 鄭弘, and Zhou Zhang 周章 34. Liang Tong 梁統, [Liang Song 梁松, Liang Song 梁竦, Liang Shang 梁商, Liang Ji 梁冀] 35. Zhang Chun 張純, [Zhang Fen 張奮], Cao Bao 曹褒, and Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 36. Zheng Xing 鄭興, [Zheng Zhong 鄭眾], Fan Sheng 范升, Chen Yuan 陳元, Jia Kui 賈逵, Zhang Ba 張霸, [Zhang Kai 張楷, Zhang Ling 張陵, and Zhang Xuan 張玄] 37. Huan Rong 桓榮, [Huan Yu 桓郁, Huan Yan 桓焉, Huan Dian 桓典, Huan Luan 桓鸞, Huan Ye 桓曄, Huan Bin 桓彬], and Ding Hong 丁鴻 38. Zhang Zong 張宗, Fa Xiong 法雄, Teng Fu 滕撫, Feng Kun 馮緄, Du Shang 度尚, and Yang Xuan 楊琁 39. Liu Ping 劉平, [Wang Wang 王望, Wang Fu 王扶], Zhao Xiao 趙孝, Chunyu Gong 淳于恭, Jiang Ge 江革, Liu Ban 劉般, [Liu Kai 劉愷], Zhou Pan 周磐, and Zhao Zi 趙咨 40. Ban Biao 班彪 [and Ban Gu 班固] A-B 41. Diwu Lun 第五倫, [Diwu Zhong 第五種], Zhongli Yi 鍾離意, Song Jun 宋均, [Song Yi 宋意], and Han Lang 寒朗 42. 光武十王列傳 The ten princes (i.e. sons) of emperor Guangwudi 43. Zhu Yun 朱暉, [Zhu Mu 朱穆], Le Hui 樂恢, and He Chang 何敞 44. Deng Biao 鄧彪, Zhang Yu 張禹, Xu Fang 徐防, Zhang Min 張敏, and Hu Guang 胡廣 45. Yuan An 袁安, [Yuan Jing 袁京, Yuan Chang 袁敞, Yuan Hong 袁閎], Zhang Fu 張酺, Han Suo 韓棱, Zhou Rong 周榮, [and Zhou Jing 周景] 46. Guo Gong 郭躬, [Guo Zhen 郭鎮], Chen Chong 陳寵, [and Chen Zhong 陳忠] 47. Ban Chao 班超, [Ban Yong 班勇], Liang Qin 梁慬, [and He Xi 何熙] 48. Yang Zhong 楊終, Li Fa 李法, Zhao Fu 翟酺, Ying Feng 應奉, [Ying Shao 應劭], Huo Xu 霍諝, Yuan Yan 爰延, and Xu Miao 徐璆 49. Wang Chong 王充, Wang Fu 王符, and Zhongzhang Tong 仲長統 50. 孝明八王列傳 The eight princes (sons) of emperor Mingdi 51. Li Xun 李恂, Chen Shan 陳襌, Pang Can 龐參, Chen Gui 陳龜, and Qiao Xuan 陳龜 52. Cui Yin 崔駰, [Cui Yuan 崔瑗, and Cui Shi 崔寔] 53. Zhou Xie 周燮, Huang Xian 黃憲, Xu Zhi 徐稚, Jiang Hong 姜肱, and Shentu Chi 申屠蟠 54. Yang Zhen 楊震, [Yang Bin 楊秉, Yang Ci 楊賜, Yang Biao 楊彪, and Yang You 楊脩] 55. 章帝八王傳 The eight princes (sons) of emperor Zhangdi 56. Zhang Hao 張皓, [Zhang Gang 張綱], Wang Gong 王龔, [Wang Chang 王暢], Zhong Gao 种暠, [Zhong Dai 种岱, Zhong Fo 种佛, Zhong Shao 种劭], and Chen Qiu 陳球 57. Du Gen 杜根, Luan Ba 欒巴, Liu Tao 劉陶, Li Yun 李雲, Liu Yu 劉瑜, and Xie Bi 謝弼 58. Yu Yu 虞詡, Fu Xie 傳燮, Gai Xun 蓋勳, and Zang Hong 臧洪 59. Zhang Heng 張衡 60. Ma Rong 馬融 A, Cai Yong 蔡邕 B 61. Zuo Xiong 左雄, Zhou Ju 周舉, [Zhou Xie 周勰], Huang Qiong 黃瓊, [and Huang Wan 黃琬] 62. Xun Shu 荀淑, [Xun Shuang 荀爽, Xun Yue 荀悅], Han Shao 韓韶, Zhong Hao 鍾皓, Chen Shi 陳寔, [and Chen Ji 陳紀] 63. Li Gu 李固, [Li Xie 李燮], and Du Qiao 杜喬 64. Wu You 吳祐, Yan Du 延篤, Shi Bi 史弼, Lu Zhi 盧植, and Zhao Qi 趙岐 65. Huangfu Gui 皇甫規, Zhang Huan 張奐, and Duan Ying 段熲 66. Chen Fan 陳蕃 and Wang Yun 王允 67. 黨錮列傳 Danggu The factionalists 68. Guo Tai 郭太, Fu Rong 符融, and Xu Shao 許劭 69. Dou Wu 竇武 and He Jin 何進 70. Zheng Tai 鄭太, Kong Rong 孔融, and Xu Yu 荀彧 71. Huangfu Song 皇甫嵩 and Zhu Hui 朱{亻+嶲} 72. Dong Zhuo 董卓 73. Liu Yu 劉虞, Gongsun Zan 公孫瓚, and Tao Qian 陶謙 74. Yuan Shao 袁紹 A, [Yuan Tan 袁譚], and Liu Biao 劉表 B 75. Liu Yan 劉焉, Yuan Shu 袁術, and Lü Bu 呂布 76. 循吏列傳 Xunli Benevolent officials: Wei Su 衛颯, Ren Ting 任延, Wang Jing 王景, Qin Peng 秦彭, Wang Huan 王渙, Xu Jing 許荊, Meng Chang 孟嘗, Diwu Fang 第五訪, Liu Ju 劉矩, Liu Chong 劉寵, Jiu Lan 仇覽, Tong Hui 童恢 77. 酷吏列傳 Kuli Cruel officials: Dong Xuan 董宣, Fan Ye 樊曄, Li Zhang 李章, Zhou Yu 周{糸+亏}, Huang Chang 黃昌, Yang Qiu 陽球, Wang Ji 王吉 78. 宦者列傳 Huanzhe Eunuchs: Zheng Zhong 鄭眾, Cai Lun 蔡倫, Sun Cheng 孫程, Cao Teng 曹騰, Shan Chao 單超, Hou Lan 侯覽, Cao Jie 曹節, Lü Qiang 呂強, Zhang Rang 張讓 79. 儒林列傳 Rulin The forest of scholars A-B: Liu Kun 劉昆, Wa Dan 洼丹, Ren An 任安, Yang Zheng 楊政, Zhang Xing 張興, Dai Ping 戴憑, Sun Qi 孫期, Ouyang Xi 歐陽歙, Mou Chang 牟長, Song Deng 宋登, Zhang Xun 張馴, Yin Min 尹敏, Zhou Fang 周防, Kong Xi 孔僖, Yang Lun 楊倫, Gao Xu 高詡, Bao Xian 包咸, Wei Ying 魏應, Fu Gong 伏恭, Ren Mo 任末, Jing Luan 景鸞, Xue Han 薛漢, Du Fu 杜撫, Zhao Xun 召馴, Yang Ren 楊仁, Zhao Ye 趙曄, Wei Hong 衛宏, Dong Jun 董鈞, Ding Gong 丁恭, Zhou Ze 周澤, Zhong Xing 鍾興, Zhen Yu 甄宇, Lou Wang 樓望, Cheng Ceng 程曾, Zhang Xuan 張玄, Li Yu 李育, He Xiu 何休, Fu Qian 服虔, Ying Rong 潁容, Xie Gai 謝該, Xu Shen 許慎, Cai Xuan 蔡玄 80. 文苑列傳 Wenyuan The garden of literati A-B: Du Du 杜篤, Wang Long 王隆, Xia Gong 夏恭, Fu Yi 傅毅, Huang Xiang 黃香, Liu Yi 劉毅, Li You 李尤, Su Shun 蘇順, Liu Zhen 劉珍, Ge Gong 葛龔, Wang Yi 王逸, Cui Qi 崔琦, Bian Shao 邊韶, Zhang Sheng 張升, Zhang Yi 張壹, Liu Liang 劉梁, Bian Rang 邊讓, Li Yan 酈炎, Hou Jin 侯瑾, Gao Biao 高彪, Zhang Shao 張超, Mi Heng 禰衡 81. 獨行列傳 Duxing Libertines: Qiao Xuan 譙玄, Li Ye 李業, Liu Mao 劉茂, Wen Xu 溫序, Peng You 彭脩, Suo Lufang 索盧放, Zhou Jia 周嘉, Fan Shi 范式, Li Shan 李善, Wang Tun 王忳, Zhang Wu 張武, Ling Xu 陵續, Dai Feng 戴封, Li Chong 李充, Miao Rong 繆肜, Chen Zhong 陳重, Lei Yi 雷義, Fan Ran 范冉, Dai Jiu 戴就, Zhao Bao 趙苞, Xiang Xu 向栩, Liang Fu 諒輔, Liu Yi 劉翊, Wang Lie 王烈 82. 方術列傳 Fangshu Diviners and magicians A-B: Ren Wengong 任文公, Guo Xian 郭憲, Xu Yang 許楊, Gao Huo 高獲, Wang Qiao 王喬, Xie Yiwu 謝夷吾, Yang You 楊由, Li Nan 李南, Li He 李郃, Duan Yi 段翳, Liao Fu 廖扶, Zhe Xiang 折像, Fan Ying 樊英, Tang Tan 唐檀, Gong Shamu 公沙穆, Xu Man 許曼, Zhao Yan 趙彥, Fan Zhizhang 樊志張, Shan Yang 單颺, Han Yue 韓說, Dong Fu 董扶, Guo Yu 郭玉, Hua Tuo 華佗, Xu Deng 徐登, Fei Changfang 費長房, Ji Zixun 薊子訓, Liu Gen 劉根, Zuo Ci 左慈, Ji Zixun 計子勳, Shangchenggong 上成公, Jie Nugu 解奴辜, Gan Shi 甘始, Wang Zhen 王真, Wang Heping 王和平 83. 逸民列傳 Yimin Worthies living in retirement: 野王二老者 向長 逢萌 周黨 王霸 嚴光 井丹 梁鴻 高鳳 臺佟 韓康 矯慎 戴良 法真 漢陰老父 陳留老父 龐公 84. 列女傳 Outstanding women: 鮑宣妻 王霸妻 姜詩妻 周郁妻 曹世叔妻 樂羊子妻 程文矩妻 孝女曹娥 許升妻 袁隗妻 龐淯母 劉長卿妻 皇甫規妻 陰瑜妻 盛道妻 孝女叔先雄 董祀妻 85. 東夷列傳 The eastern barbarians 86. 南蠻西南夷列傳 The southern and southwestern barbarians 87. 西羌傳 The Western Qiang [barbarians] 88. 西域傳 The Western Territories 89. 南匈奴列傳 The Southern Xiongnu [barbarians] 90. 烏桓鮮卑列傳 The Wuhuan and Xianbei [barbarians] 志 Zhi Treatises 1-30: 1.-3. 律曆志 Lüli zhi Measurements and calendar 1-3 4.-6. 禮儀志 Liyi zhi Rites 1-3 7.-9. 祭祀志 Jisi zhi Sacrifices 1-3 10.-12. 天文志 Tianwen zhi Astronomy 1-3 13.-18. 五行志 Wuxing zhi The Five processes 1-6 19.-23. 郡國志 Junguo zhi Administrative geography 1-5 24.-28. 百官志 Baiguan zhi The hundred state offices 1-5 29.-30. 輿服志 Yufu zhi Chariots and state robes 1-2